Raw materials needed for defence

JRC (2016) conducted a dedicated analysis of defence supply chains. This report highlighted the strong reliance on non-EU countries for the raw materials required. 38 materials of high significance were identified. Subsequent JRC analyses in 2019, 2020, and 2023 have complemented these findings for specific technologies in the context of dual use.

References:

• Critical materials for strategic technologies and sectors in the EU - a foresight study
  European Commission, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-15336-8 doi: 10.2873/58081 ET-04-20-034-EN-N
• Materials dependencies for dual-use technologies relevant to Europe's defence sector
  Blagoeva, D., Pavel C., Wittmer, D., Huisman, J. and Pasimeni, F., EUR 29850 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019, ISBN 978-92-79-11102-3, doi:10.2760/570491, JRC117729
• Raw materials in the European defence industry
  C.C. Pavel, E. Tzimas, EUR 27542 EN; doi:10.2790/0444; Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2016
• Supply chain analysis and material demand forecast in strategic technologies and sectors in the EU – A foresight study
  Carrara, S., Bobba, S., Blagoeva, D., Alves Dias, P., Cavalli, A., Georgitzikis, K., Grohol, M., Itul, A., Kuzov, T., Latunussa, C., Lyons, L., Malano, G., Maury, T., Prior Arce, Á., Somers, J., Telsnig, T., Veeh, C., Wittmer, D., Black, C., Pennington, D., Christou, M., Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2023, doi:10.2760/386650, JRC132889